Zikmund Korybutovič a husitství – Jiří Ledvina

Anotace:

Ústředním tématem práce je postava litevského knížete Zikmunda Korybutoviče a jeho roli ve vývoji českých zemí v období husitských válek a v širším kontextu i na situaci ve střední Evropě. Největší pozornost byla věnována jeho českému angažmá v podobě dvou vladařských období v letech 1422 a 1424-1427. V rámci českých zemí samozřejmě nebyla opomenuta ani léta 1428-1432, která tvoří méně známou kapitolu kariéry politika a vojevůdce "na volné noze``. Neopomenutelným faktorem v oblasti širšího působení je jeho původ, který se zásadním způsobem promítl do působení Zikmunda Korybutoviče v rámci polsko-litevské unie …víceméně

Abstract:

The activities of prince Zikmund Korybutovic in Bohemia forms an interesting chapter of the Hussite Wars period. He was sent to Bohemia on the basis of a Hussite fraction's suggestions about Polish candidature which should dynastically protect Hussites against eventual objections from the Catholic part of the world. Prince Korybut started to reign in Prague in May 1422 as a "representative of the king of request". He excluded radicals from the administration of the Prague alliance and he substituted more moderate and conciliated Hussites on their positions. Korybut's reign was interrupted when he was called back to Poland in December 1422. His return was enforced by the higher politics of his uncles who took the requests of Hussites as a means of achieving their own goals and as a form of making pressure on king Zikmund. But Hussites did not give up their ambitions on the Polish candidature and in Poland a considerably strong pro-hussitean party was formed. With the help of this party in June 1424 prince Korybut set out to Bohemia to reign again. He went on his own risk because his uncles repeatedly rejected the requests of Hussites. This time he reigned not as a representative of the king but as a "king elected and requested". However, in Bohemia during the period of his absence lots of things changed. As a consequence of the wars among Hussitian syndicates Prague was weakened and it surrendered to Korybut without any requirements. Korybut consequently made peace with the radicals. He became the master of Prague and a peacemaker but as a consequence of the political and military weakness of his alliance he couldn't enforce his authority on the whole country. In the spring of 1426 Korybut tried to establish better alliance with the Catholic party in Bohemia as well as with king Zikmund himself, to whom he offered mutual cooperation with attaining the Czech crown. But King Zikmund did not acted in response to his offers because he suspected a negative response from pope's legates. Because of those activities radicals started to suspect Korybut but he succeeded to restrain it for a short time by his campaign to Northern Bohemia in May and June 1426. After his return he immediately began to think about contacting directly the head of the Catholic Church. However, his uncle Vladislav II, who finally bestowed some grace on his nephew, played a role of a mediator in the negotiations. But the events developed in another direction when Korybut attempted to modify the the Hussite's creed so that he could reach an agreement with the Catholic part about mutual cooperation and recognition of the moderate program. These aspirations initiated an increase of activities of the radicals in Prague and led to Korybut's imprisonment in Valdstein castle on Easter 1427. The final phase of Korybut's activities started when he served to the Order in the years 1434-1435. As an instructor of the Order's troops and a commander of the Hussites' freelances he participated in the war carried out by his relatives for the Lithuanian great-princely seat. In the crucial encounter of the battle of Vilkomer Zikmund Korybutovic found his death …víceméně