Application of seismic methods for geological exploration

Sarmad CHALANG RASHID

Bachelor's thesis

Application of seismic methods for geological exploration

Abstract:

Seismic methods are a powerful tool for geological exploration, as they allow researchers to investigate subsurface structures and identify potential oil and gas reservoirs, mineral deposits, and groundwater resources. seismic methods are applied in geological exploration for example Mapping subsurface structures: Seismic waves can be used to create images of the subsurface by bouncing sound waves off different layers of rock and measuring the time it takes for the waves to return to the surface. This technique, known as seismic reflection, is used to create 2D and 3D maps of subsurface structures, including faults, folds, and sedimentary layers, to Identify oil and gas reservoirs: Seismic reflection can also be used to identify potential oil and gas reservoirs. seismic methods have significant advantages for geological exploration and engineering applications, but there are also some disadvantages that need to be considered when using these methods, however, Seismic methods can have a negative impact on the environment, particularly marine life. Seismic air guns, which are commonly used in offshore exploration, can produce loud underwater noises that can harm or disrupt marine animals, this thesis shows the knowledge that is necessary for a geologist to know, help them in their job of exploration and Identify the structure of the earth boundaries and this thesis is showing an example of seismic survey and data interpretation, the methods that been used is a land seismic survey and it's been done in Kosice city which is located in Slovakia. It shows The East-Slovakian Basin is a basin with complex tectonic history determined by the oblique subduction of an oceanic slab occurring between the North-European Platform and the ALCAPA (Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian) plate.The requirement tools that had been used in this seismic operation consisted ammeter (seismic source), receiver (hydrophones, geophones), and seismograph device (Seismograph ABEM Terraloc) is a standalone system and comes with a built-in computer, data storage, and measurement channels, and user interface. Measurements are conducted using a graphical interface with a look and feel that is familiar. in order to get information about Kosice structure boundaries. Six seismic sections were analyzed in order to find the basic geologic and tectonic structure of the Kosice depression, which is a part of the East-Slovakian Neogene Basin. the result of the seismic interpretations some of the seismic sections of Kosice have low amplitude and high frequency. The reflectors are discontinuous, some others have low amplitude and low frequency, and amplitude, and the reflectors are continuity, high frequency, and amplitude.

Abstract:

Seismic methods are a powerful tool for geological exploration, as they allow researchers to investigate subsurface structures and identify potential oil and gas reservoirs, mineral deposits, and groundwater resources. seismic methods are applied in geological exploration for example Mapping subsurface structures: Seismic waves can be used to create images of the subsurface by bouncing sound waves off different layers of rock and measuring the time it takes for the waves to return to the surface. This technique, known as seismic reflection, is used to create 2D and 3D maps of subsurface structures, including faults, folds, and sedimentary layers, to Identify oil and gas reservoirs: Seismic reflection can also be used to identify potential oil and gas reservoirs. seismic methods have significant advantages for geological exploration and engineering applications, but there are also some disadvantages that need to be considered when using these methods, however, Seismic methods can have a negative impact on the environment, particularly marine life. Seismic air guns, which are commonly used in offshore exploration, can produce loud underwater noises that can harm or disrupt marine animals, this thesis shows the knowledge that is necessary for a geologist to know, help them in their job of exploration and Identify the structure of the earth boundaries and this thesis is showing an example of seismic survey and data interpretation, the methods that been used is a land seismic survey and it's been done in Kosice city which is located in Slovakia. It shows The East-Slovakian Basin is a basin with complex tectonic history determined by the oblique subduction of an oceanic slab occurring between the North-European Platform and the ALCAPA (Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian) plate.The requirement tools that had been used in this seismic operation consisted ammeter (seismic source), receiver (hydrophones, geophones), and seismograph device (Seismograph ABEM Terraloc) is a standalone system and comes with a built-in computer, data storage, and measurement channels, and user interface. Measurements are conducted using a graphical interface with a look and feel that is familiar. in order to get information about Kosice structure boundaries. Six seismic sections were analyzed in order to find the basic geologic and tectonic structure of the Kosice depression, which is a part of the East-Slovakian Neogene Basin. the result of the seismic interpretations some of the seismic sections of Kosice have low amplitude and high frequency. The reflectors are discontinuous, some others have low amplitude and low frequency, and amplitude, and the reflectors are continuity, high frequency, and amplitude.

Keywords

seismic method. exploration. reflection. interpretation. properties Reflection. Seismic Physical Properties. gravitational. fraction seismic. rocks structure. waves seismic wave. natural gas. technique. reflection technique. fundamental geological. Earth Sciences. sources change. hydrocarbon exploration. body waves. surface waves. seismic waves. seismic sources. spreading. basic principle. Love waves. Rayleigh waves. seismic surveys. Sparker. plate Boomer, compressor. frequency response. ground velocity. geophone coil. streamers. sound waves. hydrophones.

Language used: English

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 6. 3. 2023

Thesis defence

• Supervisor: Juraj Janočko, Ph.D.

Palacký University Olomouc

Faculty of Science

Bachelor programme / field:
Petroleum Engineering / Petroleum Engineering