Ženy v řadách prvního československého samostatného polního praporu: vznik jednotky v Buzuluku a první bojové nasazení u Sokolova

Mgr. Alena Vitáková, Ph.D.

Master's thesis

Women in the 1st Czechoslowak Independent Battalion in the USSR: Formation of the Troop in Buzuluk and the First Battle in Sokolovo

Abstract:

Tato práce se zabývá účastí čs. žen v ranném období formování čs. vojenské jednotky v SSSR za druhé světové války. Po vzniku 1. čs. sam. polního praporu v Buzuluku vstupovaly do jednotky i ženy (krajanky, rasové a politické emigrantky, Rusínky), přestože armádní regule předválečné čs. armády to nedovolovaly. Velitel jendotky plk. Svoboda ženy přijímal na vlastní zodpovědnost. Ženy byly cvičeny stejně jako muži. Při prvním bojovém vystoupení jednotky v březnu 1943 u Sokolova bylo v řadách jednotky také 38 žen. Jednalo se hlavně o zdravotnice, dále bychom tam našli spojařku, dvě snajperky, tři kuchařky a jednu písařku na osvětě. Ženy prokázaly velikou odvahu, v bojích u Sokolova byla jedna zdravotnice raněna.

Abstract:

This study deals with the second Czechoslovakian resistance in the USSR in the World War II especially in the women’s taking part. Our women war on the east-front as fighters too. Czechoslovakian 1st independent field battalion rose at the small town called Buzuluk near Ural in February 1942. Women with Czechoslovakian citizenship – political and racial emigrants, prisoners in GULAG and countrywomen wanted to join this unit. The Czechoslovakian army before the war had no women. So it was written in the army rules. But this unit in the Soviet Union was built on the base of a Red army. And women normally fought in the Red army. Women had a drill like that of Czech soldiers and their wish was to fight with the Nazis. All women received guns, not only snipers,but also nurses. One of the big problems was the London emigration. Minister of National defense in our exile government prohibited the women from taking part in battles. But the women said: We want to go to war; we want to support our soldiers at the front. That’s our free decision. On the first battle (March 1943) near the village Sokolovo (Kharkov) they took part as nurses, snipers, typists by the headquarter and cooks. Those 38 women were very courageous and devoted. They rescued many injured soldiers and one nurse was wounded too.

Keywords

ženy, 1. československý samostatný polní prapor, druhá světová válka, východní fronta, Sokolovo, Buzuluk

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 6. 6. 2007

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 20. 6. 2007
• Supervisor: PhDr. Libor Vykoupil, Ph.D.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Arts

Master programme / field:
Humanities / History