Sankce v právu (se zaměřením na problematiku výjimečného trestu)

Mgr. Barbora Klapušová

Master's thesis

Sanctions in Law (with Concentration on the Capital Punishment)

Abstract:

Instituce trestu je stará jako lidstvo samo. V průběhu dějin existovaly různé názory na trest a vyvíjely se různě koncipované teorie trestání. Cílem práce je proto i podání uceleného pohledu na tyto teoretická východiska trestání. V práci bych se rovněž chtěla samostaně věnovat problematice výjimečného trestu, zejména způsobu jeho výkonu a vymezit předpoklady pro jeho ukládání. Celkově pak zhodnotit jeho význam v systému trestněprávních sankcí, jakož i zodpovědět otázku, do jaké míry naplňuje tento nejpřísnější trest, jenž může být uložen, zásady trestního práva.

Abstract:

My main concern in my thesis was penalties with the following focus on exceptional punishment. The topic sanctions is on its own within the law pretty wide, however I wanted to define the purpose in the introduction. The first thought of mine was to take the precept of law and focus on its own elements, definition signs and structure. From the point of the structure there were described and shown the particular models of the precept of law. In connection with this I have then focused on leges imperfectae which do miss the structure part of the sanction which concluded into looking at this imperfections in the higher picture. Even if the norm is not followed by the sanction it does not mean that it is not being secured by the country. Next chapter is about the sanctions mostly. Here I mainly focused on conceptual definition of the sanction followed by explanation to the connection to the concept of liability. The meaning and the question which atributes should sanction have could be in my conclusion the sanction which is being appropriate, preventible and timely. I have classified according to the delinquency. In the other part I focused on institute of the punishment. The aim was to find out even historically what was the approach to the penalty and its development. I have compared these basic concepts and summed up their todays possible use. Another chapter is about the penalty in todays reality. There is no reflection of the punisment however you could say that its essence has not changed and and it is primary about the protection of the society which is caused by preventive and represive action of the penalty. I also wanted to give you an overview of law penalty sanctions. Considering what negative consequences is having imprisonment it is always important to tae under the consideration the principles of adequacy, humanity, individualism and personality. But back to the exceptional penalty. It represents the most firm punishment which could be immersed which is causing the major intervention to the rights and freedom. That is why i have focused on the immersion not only for adullts and children but also on the institutes linked to the exceptional penalty. My last chapter is describing the methods of the prosecution of the penalty in our country and abroad. The focus is on sources which are connected to the exceptional penalty whereas the international aspects of the law adjustments are taken under consideration. I have also included the statistics of long - term exceptional penalties which reports the development of the population in prisons between 1995-2010.

Keywords

Právní norma, sankce v právu, výjimečný trest, funkce sankce, teoretická východiska trestání

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 1. 11. 2011

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 24. 1. 2012
• Supervisor: doc. JUDr. Jaromír Harvánek, CSc.
• Reader: doc. JUDr. Mgr. Martin Škop, Ph.D.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Law

Master programme / field:
Law and Legal Science / Law