Pesticidy a jejich vliv na necílové organismy

Tereza LUZAROVÁ

Bachelor's thesis

Pesticides and their effect on non-target organisms

Abstract:

The bachelor thesis summarizes the knowledge about the development of pesticides from the earliest times to the present, lists their negative impact on the environment, presents several case studies and suggests alternative options, including the problems associated with them. The thesis deals mainly with pesticide mix and their relationship to non-target organisms. Pesticides are chemicals that serve not only to destroy but also to prevent or control so-called "pests" and their relationship to non-target organisms. One of the first methods of eliminating harmful insects was to grow target plants along with poisonous ones. During the subsequent development of pesticides, their current specialization according to biological effectiveness took place. At the same time, there is a development in the field of chemical composition of preparations. A novelty are the so-called biopesticides, based on the principle of extraction or synthesis de novo naturally occurring toxin used to eliminate pests. Their advantage is a small negative impact on both the environment and non-target organisms. Nevertheless, today, conventional pesticides still applied in agriculture, due to their persistence and accumulation, have a negative effect not only in soil, water and air. Many studies have shown a negative impact on the abundance of non-target organisms, leading to the loss of biodiversity or the increased incidence of various diseases. As it becomes increasingly difficult to reduce the use of pesticides in agriculture, the question of the use of organic farming arises. However, even this alternative path raises doubts among the lay and scientific public, in particular regarding the ability to produce enough crops to saturate the human population in the future and the ability to tackle the problems addressed so far by pesticides.

Kľúčové slová

Pesticidy, necílové organismy, včely, zemědělství, ekologie

Jazyk práce: Czech

Datum vytvoření / odevzdání či podání práce: 24. 1. 2022

Zverejniť od: 31. 12. 2999

Obhajoba závěrečné práce

• Obhajoba proběhla 2. 2. 2022
• Vedúci: Mgr. Hana Sezimová, Ph.D.

University of Ostrava

Faculty of Science

Bachelor programme / odbor:
Biology / Systematic Biology and Ecology