Hidden Linkages: Investigating Ixodid Ticks, Tick-Borne Pathogens, and Their Presence in Neglected Ecosystems and Unconventional Hosts

Ing. Johana Alaverdyan

Disertační práce

Abstract:

This dissertation explores the intricate world of ticks and tick-borne diseases (TTBDs) by investigating the connections between ticks, their neglected habitats, and unusual hosts. While there is a substantial body of existing knowledge, significant gaps in our understanding of tick-related issues persist. In the context of a changing Earth, including climate change, landscape alterations, and increasing human impact, ticks and tick-borne pathogens are undergoing significant transformations in distribution, genetic diversity, species composition, activity patterns, and resilience. Understanding the impact of landscape use, habitat transformation, and host selection on the prevalence TTBDs is vital within the complex mosaic of tick-related science. The interplay between ticks, hosts, and habitat is intricate, particularly for exophilic ticks as Ixodes ricinus, a key vector for various tick-borne diseases in Europe, including Czechia. To comprehensively evaluate the evolving landscape of tick ecology, a multifaceted, One-Health approach is necessary. This dissertation addresses less explored and understudied issues within the field of TTBDs, offering new perspectives and valuable insights with applications across various research areas. The initial literature review underscores the significance of TTBDs as a crucial concern for zoo-housed animals. However, there is a notable absence of information on TTBDs in exotic farm-kept animals. To address this gap, I conducted a unique empirical study on TTBDs in exotic animal farms in Czechia. The findings revealed that these animals serve as suitable hosts for TTBDs, and notably, large animal pastures are associated with reduced tick activity. This observation was further validated by collecting data in the Milovice natural reserve during rewilding initiatives, where pasture not only contributed to overall biodiversity enhancement but also led to a decrease in tick activity. Conversely, postindustrial landscapes, after years of ecological succession, emerged as an ideal biotope for TTBDs. Drawing on my collected data and insights from the literature, I undertook a comparative analysis of various tick management strategies. Subsequently, I proposed novel approaches to mitigate TTBDs. These recommendations aim to benefit both the general public and specialists involved in addressing this crucial issue. In summary, this dissertation underscores the complexity of TTBDs and the need for a holistic approach to tick-related research. The findings provide valuable insights into tick ecology, tick-ecosystem interactions, and the impacts of rewilding on tick populations. Further research is essential to assess actual risks to both human and animal health, including the effects of tick-borne pathogens on exotic animal species and vector/host competence among such diverse hosts. This research aimed to open new avenues in tick-related studies within the growing field of modern tick research.

Keywords

Ixodes ricinus, tick-borne diseases, exotic animals, landscape management, Borrelia spp., tick ecology

Jazyk práce: angličtina

Datum vytvoření / odevzdání či podání práce: 10. 3. 2024

Obhajoba závěrečné práce

• Vedoucí: RNDr. Jiří Černý, Ph.D.
• Oponent: David Modrý, Ph.D., prof. MVDr., Vojtěch Baláž, externi, Kateřina Kybicová, externi

Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze

Fakulta tropického zemědělství

Doktorský studijní program / obor:
Zemědělská specializace / Tropical Agrobiology and Bioresource Management