Výživa pšenice ozimé za použití stabilizovaných dusíkatých hnojiv

Jonáš Balun

Bachelor's thesis

Nutrition of winter wheat using stabilized nitrogen fertilizers

Abstract:

Cílem této bakalářské práce bylo posoudit vliv stabilizovaných dusíkatých hnojiv na výnos a kvalitu zrna pšenice ozimé, jež byl sledován v maloparcelkovém polním pokusu ve vegetační sezóně 2018/19 poblíž obce Vatín na Českomoravské vrchovině (560 m n. m.). Stabilizovanými hnojivy v pokusu byly síran amonný (SA) s inhibitorem nitrifikace (IN), DASA s IN a DAM 390 s thiosíranem amonným (ATS), u kterého je předpokládán inhibiční účinek na nitrifikaci. Do pokusu byly zařazeny tyto varianty: 1. Nehnojeno, 2. LAD + LAD + DAM 390, 3. LAD + SA, 4. LAD + SA s IN, 5. LAD + DASA s IN a 6. LAD + DAM s ATS.Hnojiva s inhibitory nitrifikace výnosy zrna a jeho objemovou hmotnost statisticky významně neovlivnily. Nejvyšší výnos zrna byl zjištěn po aplikaci hnojiva DASA s inhibitorem nitrifikace. Obsahy dusíkatých látek a lepku a také kvalita bílkovin v zrnu byly průkazně zvýšeny aplikací hnojiv s inhibitory nitrifikace (SA s IN a DASA s IN). Množství dusíkatých látek v zrnu narostlo o 10, resp. 12 % a obsah lepku o 11, resp. 14 % oproti klasické dělené aplikaci dusíku (LAD + LAD + DAM). Kvalita bílkovin v zrnu dána sedimentační hodnotou vzrostla o 22, resp. 28 %. Všechny sledované parametry byly nejlepší po aplikaci hnojiva DASA s inhibitorem nitrifikace, které bylo v pokusu reprezentováno hnojivem ENSIN.

Abstract:

The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the effect of stabilized nitrogen fertilizers on a yield and quality of winter wheat grain, which was observed in a small-plot field experiment in the vegetation season 2018/19 near the village of Vatín in the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands (560 m above sea level). The stabilized fertilizers used in the experiment were Ammonium Sulphate (AS) with the inhibitor of nitrification (IN), Ammonium Nitrate Sulphate (ANS) with IN and UAN 390 with Ammonium Thiosulphate (ATS), which is expected to have an inhibitory effect on nitrification. The experiment includes following variations: 1. Unfertilized, 2. Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (CAN) + CAN + Urea Ammonium Nitrate (UAN), 3. CAN + AS, 4. CAN + AS with IN, 5. CAN + ANS with IN and 6. CAN + UAN with ATS.Fertilizers with nitrification inhibitors did not statistically significantly affect grain yields and bulk density. The highest grain yield was found after application of ANS fertilizer with a nitrification inhibitor. The contents of nitrogenous substances and gluten as well as the quality of proteins in the grain were significantly increased by the application of fertilizers with nitrification inhibitors (AS with IN and ANS with IN). The amount of nitrogenous substances in the grain increased by 10, resp. 12% and a gluten content of 11, resp. 14% compared to the classic split nitrogen application (CAN + CAN + UAN). The quality of proteins in the grain given by the sedimentation value increased by 22, resp. 28%. All monitored parameters were the best after application of ANS fertilizer with nitrification inhibitor, which was represented in the experiment by ENSIN fertilizer.

Keywords

pšenice ozimá, sedimentační hodnota, Dusík, inhibitor nitrifikace, výnos, objemová hmotnost, dusíkaté látky, lepek

Keywords

Nitrogen, winter wheat, nitrification inhibitor, grain yield, grain quality

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 5. 5. 2020

Thesis defence

• Supervisor: doc. Ing. Pavel Ryant, Ph.D.

Mendel University in Brno

Faculty of AgriSciences

Bachelor programme / field:
Agrobiology / Plant Production