Hérakleitos a jeho pojetí duše

Kateřina FRAŇKOVÁ

Bachelor's thesis

Heraclitus and his conception of soul

Abstract:

Cíl této práce je pojednání o Hérakleitově nauce o duši na základě zlomků, které se duše týkají. Stejně tak vysvětlení Hérakleitova pojetí duše s přihlédnutím k výkladu pojmu psýché u jeho předchůdců. Poté s pomocí sekundární literatury čtenáři osvětlit jednotlivé aspekty duše a na jejich základě vytvořit ucelený výklad.

Abstract:

The theme of this work is Heraclitus' conception of the soul and our aim was to analyze this concept. The doctrine of Heraclitus includes many images, on which we see concrete examples, which try to show us certain not manifested truths of this world. Soul surely belongs into these truths. Heraclitus' two typical images of the soul are way up and down and conversion of the elements. Way up and down tells us about the processes, which our soul is going through. From multiplicity to unity to the awakened awareness and understanding of cosmic logos, that is the order of things. On the up-down path we can also apply transformation of the elements. It covers both the interpretation of global changes (earth => water => air => fire) and the specific transformation of the soul. At the bottom of the upward path, where souls are born, there is water. It is then changed into the air. In this form, our soul is in the lived world. Still, it tends to water that is her food and it brings pleasure. But it can be threat because the too much water is bad for the soul, it can even cause death. The mission of the soul is evaporating the water. Then it can transform into other element, fire. The fiery soul is the best. That is the soul that moved beyond the multiplicity and woke up to the individual consciousness. Soul as such connects to the world the fire, which is also the ruling element around the world.

Keywords

Hérakleitos, duše, psýché, filozofie, živly, Anaximandros, Anaximenés, Thalés

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 11. 4. 2017

Accessible from:: 31. 12. 2999

Thesis defence

• Supervisor: PhDr. Radim Kočandrle, Ph.D.

University of West Bohemia

Faculty of Philosophy and Arts

Bachelor programme / field:
Humanities Studies / Humanities