Phytophthora diversity in forest streams of Moravia and Slovakia

Bc. Henrieta Ďatková

Master's thesis

Diverzita druhov Phytophthora v lesných vodných tokoch na Morave a Slovensku

Abstract:

K určeniu diverzity druhov Phytophthora v riekach a lesných vodných tokoch v južnej časti Moravy a na severe Slovenska, bolo otestovaných desať potokov a riek na Morave a takisto desať na Kysuciach. Prieskum sa uskutočnil v novembri roku 2018, izolácia prebiehala z prirodzene opadnutých listov pozbieraných v jednotlivých potokoch. Diverzita druhov pozbieraných listov bola vysoká, navzorkované boli rôzne druhy stomov a kríkov, ako napríklad buk, dub, jaseň, javor, hrab, lieska, vŕba a mnoho iných. Izolovalácia prebiehala priamym pokládaním sekcií nekrotických lézií na selektívne V8-PARPNH agarové médium. Prvé vznikajúce kolónie Phytophthora sp. boli skontrolované pod svetelným mikroskopom a ihneď prenesené na čerstvé V8 agarové médium a následne uložené v tme pri 20-22 °C. Po kontrole a prečistení kolónií boli izoláty rozdelené do morfotypov. Reprezentatívne izoláty jednotlivých morfotypov z jednotlivých vodných tokov boli poslané na molekulárnu identifikáciu podľa Jung et al. (2017a). Celkovo bolo získaných 460 izolátov rôznych druhov oomycét z riek a potokov na Morave a Phytophthora lacustris bol najčastejšie vyizolovaný druh. Druhou najčastejšou bola P. gonapodyides, následovaná P. gallica, P. bilorbang, P. syringae, a P. riparia. Z viacerých tokov bola vyizolovaná Halophytophthora fluviatilis, Phytopythium spp.a naviac jeden nepopísaný taxón druhu Nothophytophthora. Na Kysuciach bolo získaných 142 izolátov s najčastejším výskytom izolátov Phytophthora gonapodyides. P. lacustris a P. bilorbang sa taktiež vyskytovali často. V tokoch sa navyše podarilo vyizolovať Pythium spp., Phytopythium spp. a jeden nepopísaný druh Nothophytophthora spp.Napriek tomu, že sa v tejto štúdii podarilo získať niektoré známe patogény, v okolí skúmaných tokov nebolo zaznamennané žiadné viditeľné odumieranie lesného porastu.

Abstract:

To determine the diversity of Phytophthora species in rivers and forest streams in the southern part of Czech Republic (CR) and Slovakia (SK), each ten rivers or streams were sampled in both the Moravia region in CR, and the Kysuce region in SK. The survey was conducted in November 2018, and isolation tests were performed from naturally fallen leaves collected from the streams. Diversity of collected leaves was high, and numerous tree and shrub species like beech, oaks, ash, maples, hornbeam, hazelnut, willow and several other hosts were sampled. Isolations were performed by direct plating of sections from necrotic lesions onto selective V8-PARPNH agar medium. The first emerging Phytophthora colonies were checked under the light microscope and immediately transferred onto fresh V8-agar medium and stored at 20-22°C in the dark. After purification and final checking, the isolates were sorted into morphotypes. Representative isolates from each morphotype and from each stream were selected for molecular identification according to Jung et al. (2017a). In total, 460 oomycete isolates were obtained from rivers and streams in Moravia in CR, with Phytophthora lacustris being the most frequently isolated species. The second most common species was P. gonapodyides, followed by P. gallica, P. bilorbang, P. syringae and P. riparia. In addition, Halophytophthora fluviatilis, Phytopythium spp. and one undescribed taxon from the genus Nothophytophthora were recovered from several streams. From the rivers and streams in the Kysuce region in SK, 142 isolates were obtained and Phytophthora gonapodyides was most common. Also, P. lacustris and P. bilorbang were isolated frequently. In addition, Pythium spp., Phytopythium spp., and one undescribed Nothophytophthora taxon were isolated from the streams. Although some known pathogens were obtained in this study, no pathogenic dieback of forest trees has been observed along the sampled streams.

Keywords

Halophytophthora, Nothophytophthora, oomycetes, prieskum

Keywords

Nothophytophthora, oomycetes, survey, Halophytophthora

Language used: English

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 5. 5. 2020

Thesis defence

• Supervisor: Dr. Thomas Jung

Mendel University in Brno

Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology

Master programme / field:
Plant Protection / Plant Protection