Ochrana platidiel a bezhotovostnych platobnych prostriedkov proti falšovaniu (§ 140 – 143 tr. zák.) v praxi)

Mgr. Jana Jankovičová

Master's thesis

Protection of means of payment and noncash means of payment against falsify (§ 140 – 143 Penal Code) in practice

Abstract:

The unlawful activity of counterfeiting and altering money and non-cash means of payment is considered one the most dangerous crime activities today. Due to its international character and level of organization, it belongs to units of organized crime. The majority of sources of professional literature indicate that counterfeiting and altering money is as old as money itself. Besides the history of money, its development, looking for new protective elements and new techniques for manufacture, the history of counterfeiting has been developing in parallel to it. Counterfeit money is a detailed copy of legal money. It is manufactured in such way that it cannot be recognized from legal money in everyday circulation of money. Altering money means carrying out such changes that the money that has already been withdrawn from the circulation obtains a look that it is still valid, or money of lower value obtains a look of money of higher value. Nowadays, this crime activity is performed by two skeleton groups of criminals. The first group consists of individuals or small groups of criminals, who manufacture only a limited number of counterfeits which they try to put into circulation themselves. The members of the second group are highly organized groups of international character connected with organized crime and equipped with the top technology. The structures of these organized groups tend to be thought through in details and therefore it demands an enormous effort to interfere with these groups in such way that it is possible to uncover the ones who are on the very top and the most important part of the whole structure of a so-called counterfeit workshop. Money is an everyday part of all of us; it serves us as a means of change for goods and services. In today’s life, more and more people are using non-cash means of payment. But many people think that the problem of counterfeit or altered money does not affect them. They consider the situation of receiving a counterfeit banknote, as well as the possibility of someone misusing the data from their credit card to generate a fake credit card, highly improbable. Not many of us inspect the protective elements automatically when receiving the money; many people do not even know what the protective elements are like.

Abstract:

Väčšina odbornej literatúry uvádza, že falšovanie a pozmeňovanie peňazí je rovnako staré ako peniaze samotné. Vedľa histórie peňazí, ich vývoja, hľadania nových ochranných prvkov a nových výrobných technológií, sa paralelne rozvíjala i história ich falšovania. Falšované peniaze sú detailnými kópiami zákonných peňazí. Sú vyrábané tak, aby pri bežnom peňažnom obehu neboli rozoznateľné od peňazí pravých. Pozmeňovanie peňazí znamená prevedenie takých zmien, že peniaze už stiahnuté z obehu nadobúdajú vzhľad peňazí doposiaľ platných alebo peniaze nižšej hodnoty, vzhľad peňazí hodnoty vyššej.

Keywords

ochrana platidiel, bezhotovostne platobne prostriedky, falsovanie, pozmenovanie

Language used: Slovak

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 15. 8. 2007

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 13. 9. 2007
• Supervisor: prof. JUDr. Vladimír Kratochvíl, CSc.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Law

Master programme / field:
Law and Legal Science / Law