Proposal of technology treatment of fluoridated waters, Senegal

Ing. Ba Doudou

Master's thesis

Abstract:

In Senegal, a large number of boreholes in the western part of the country, the most populated, are salted. Unsalted water points are often polluted (wells), and nearly a third of them have very high fluorine concentrations (up to 10mg per liter). It is estimated that more than500 000 rural people are thus subject to a major health risk. Fluoride is one of the most abundant elements in the earth’s crust. It is found in the form of fluorite (CaF2), biotite ((Mg, Fe) 2Al2 (K, H) (SiO4) 2),cryolite (Na3 (AlF6)) and fluorapatite (Ca10F2 (PO4) 6 ). The presence of excess fluoride ions in drinking water is, therefore, the cause of serious poisoning. In Senegal, as in many other countries globally, studies show that from 2 mg/L, all children are affected and that 60% of them have severe fluorosis for levels close to 4 mg/L. The challenge of removing excess fluoride ions from water meant for human consumption is a complicated scientific subject requiring a multidisciplinary approach due to the various treatment operations undertaken. This research provides an up-to-date review of the available defluorination techniques and a proposition of appropriate methods for drinking water in rural Senegal. Activated alumina, bone char, and aluminum salt were shown to be effective in developing countries in the defluorination of household water. Affordability being always the driving element to the process selection. Keywords: defluorination, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, sustain-able development, Senegal, NDP (Notto-Dismon-Palmarin), water purification technologies, fluoridated water, dental@bone fluorosis

Keywords

defluorination, Senegal, dental@bone fluorisis, NDP, reverse osmose, nanofiltration

Language used: English

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 6. 8. 2021

Thesis defence

• Supervisor: doc. Ing. Vladimír Krepl, CSc.

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague

Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences

Master programme / field:
Tropical Agriculture / Sustainable Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics