Právní úprava na ochranu ozónové vrstvy Země

Mgr. Marta Ahanonu

Master's thesis

Legal Regulation on the Ozone Layer Protection

Abstract:

Tato diplomová práce je věnována ochraně ozonové vrstvy v mezinárodním, evropském i národním kontextu. Po shrnutí právních pramenů na všech těchto úrovních a vymezení základních pojmů se zaměřuje na rozbor Vídeňské úmluvy na ochranu ozonové vrstvy a jejího Montrealského protokolu, včetně jeho dodatků, stručně uvádí vývoj evropské právní úpravy s podrobnější analýzou nařízení Evropského parlamentu a Rady (ES) č. 1005/2009 o látkách, které poškozují ozonovou vrstvu. S ohledem na přímou použitelnost tohoto nařízení v České republice z něj národní právní úprava vychází a tato diplomová práce uvádí také to, jakým způsobem na toto nařízení navazuje zákon č. 86/2002 Sb., resp. zákon č. 73/2012 Sb. Pro větší přehlednost je v samostatné kapitole 7. zařazen souhrn nástrojů ochrany ozonové vrstvy vyplývajících z evropské a národní úpravy. Protože česká právní úprava spojuje problematiku regulovaných látek s problematikou fluorovaných skleníkových plynů, je v závěru práce zařazena i kapitola týkající se mezinárodní a evropské úpravy F-plynů.

Abstract:

The aim of this work was to create a comprehensive overview of the legislation about the protection of the Earth's ozone layer. Therefore the introductory chapters first include all sources of international, European and national legislation that are relevant to this issue and consequently also the basic terms as the ozone layer or controlled substances. In Chapter 4 The International Protection of the Ozone Layer there is listed the international regulation, in which the first source is the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer adopted in the pursuit of the consensus of the international Communities about the need to start dealing with the dwindling ozone layer. This convention is a framework agreement which does not oblige the states to adopt specific measures but it is the basis for further negotiations and for its implementation it was necessary to adopt further international treaties. The most important, which first set specific duties for the States Parties, was the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer; it set the list of banned substances and their inherent limitations. Further tightening of the duties were brought by the amendments to the Montreal Protocol (London, Copenhagen, Montreal, Beijing). In the annexes of the Montreal Protocol there are listed the substances that are considered to be regulated. The list of these substances was gradually extended by the above mentioned amendments. For each group of these substances there were set the limits for their production and consumption, trading them or their total elimination. Montreal Protocol also provides for the participation of developing countries in the protection of the ozone layer longer time periods for them to end the use of controlled substances. In addition to supporting these countries it also establishes a financial mechanism based on contributions from developed countries which aims to facilitate the transition of developing countries from using cheap controlled substances to more expensive but safer technologies. For clarity the end of this chapter summarizes the tools for the protection of the ozone layer resulting from these documents: bans and duties, permits (licenses), the above mentioned financial mechanism, cooperation, information duties and commitments update. At the European level, there are mentioned primary sources of law which enshrine the protection of the environment as a whole. In the area of the protection of the ozone layer, there was gradually adopted a number of regulations which tightened the obligations under the Montreal Protocol even more. Their systematic location and further analysis of the currently effective Regulation No 1005/2009 are listed in Chapter 5 Protection of the Ozone Layer in the European Union. For a better understanding of the issues, the individual provisions of the Regulation are suplemented by the decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Chapter 6 National Legislation for the Protection of the Ozone Layer deals with the Czech legislation, which is based on the European one, as evidenced in the currently effective Law No. 73/2012 Coll., which only adds to the Regulation No 1005/2009. Instruments introduced under these adjustments were therefore in this work collectively described in Chapter 7. These are particularly the ban on production and use of the controlled substances, as well as trading them, but there are also established certain exceptions, for this exceptional use there are determined many duties regarding inspections of the equipment containing controlled substances, securing the equipment by systems of a leak detection of the controlled substances, the designation of the controlled substances and products containing them, defining qualification requirements to perform certain activities, the determination of binding procedures for these activities. These exceptions are also subject to the allocation of quotas by the European Commission and t

Abstract:

he granting of licenses for certain activities. Other tools burdening producers of the controlled substances are fees, operators of equipment containing controlled substances shall also meet the record-keeping and information duties. Inspections in the implementation of the Regualtion No 1005/2009 are entrusted to the member states which also impose sanctions, especially penalties. With regard to the coherence of the legislation on protection of the ozone layer and legislation on the climate protection Chapter 8 The protection of the Ozone Layer and the Issue of the Greenhouse Gases was also included in this work, which provides an overview of the sources of international and European legislation on the fluorinated greenhouse gases.

Keywords

ozónová vrstva, ozone layer, Vídeňská úmluva, Vienna Convenction, Montrealský protokol, Montreal Protocol

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 31. 10. 2012

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 10. 1. 2013
• Supervisor: doc. JUDr. Ilona Jančářová, Ph.D.
• Reader: JUDr. Jana Dudová, Ph.D.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Law

Master programme / field:
Law and Legal Science / Law