Kubánská raketová krize

Martin STEINBACH

Bachelor's thesis

Cuban Missile Crisis

Abstract:

Tématem bakalářské práce bude shrnutí příčin vzniku Kubánské raketové krize a samotný podrobný pohled na tuto událost z října roku 1962. Časově bude práce soustředěna na období od začátku 50. let do první poloviny 60. let minulého století. Cílem práce je porovnat příčiny a okolnosti vzniku krize, analyzovat politický vývoj na Kubě ve vztahu se Spojenými státy americkými a Svazem sovětských socialistických republik. Hodlám se soustřeďovat především na důsledky Kubánské revoluce, sbližování Kuby se Sovětským svazem na úkor diplomatických vztahů se Spojenými státy. Tématem práce bude rovněž podrobný pohled na kritické říjnové dny z roku 1962, kdy celý svět stál na pokraji jaderné války. Pozornost bude také zaměřena na hlavní aktéry tohoto konfliktu - tedy na Fidela Castra, Johna Fitzgeralda Kennedyho a Nikitu Sergejeviče Chruščova. V závěru práce zhodnotím význam Kubánské raketové krize v celosvětovém měřítku v rámci vývoje Studené války.

Abstract:

The main goal of this bachelor thesis was to analyze all aspects of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the events, which led to this critical situation of the Cold War. The Cuban Revolution and Fidel Castro's accession to power led to a deep crisis in the relations between Havana and Washington. Cuba therefore started cooperation with Soviet Union. This wasn't accidental. The leftist revolution in 1953-1959 and subsequent assumption of private and foreign property (especially owned by US citizens and corporations) by the state led to a serious rupture of the US-Cuban relations. The regime of Fidel Castro became isolated and was in a peril of an invasion by forces supported by USA, which eventually occurred in April 1961. One of the results of this American failure was a direct military cooperation between Cuba and USSR. The ensuing missile crises itself was a result of the internal policy in the Soviet Union, where Nikita Khrushchev wanted to reinforce his declining position. The operation Anadyr planned to weaken the position of United States in the international policy and to strengthen Soviet military capacity. Khrushchev decided to place attack missiles with flight range to hit most of the important military and civilian targets in the United States on Cuban territory. But the government of president John Fitzgerald Kennedy revealed the plan of the operation and wanted to remove the Soviet military base from Cuba. The events in October 1962 were probably the most serious in the whole period of the Cold war. World was endanger by nuclear war. However the crisis did not evolve into a global conflict and after compromises on the both sides (withdrawal of Soviet missiles from Cuba and withdrawal US missiles from Italy and Turkey, guarantee no-attack Cuba by United States) eventually led to an improvement of the relations between Khrushchev and Kennedy. Cuba wasn't invited to negotiations, which led to temporary deterioration of relations between Havana and Moscow.

Keywords

Kuba, Studená válka, raketová krize, Castro, Chruščov, Kennedy, Anadyr

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 24. 4. 2013

Accessible from:: 31. 12. 2999

Thesis defence

• Supervisor: PhDr. Roman Kodet, Ph.D.

University of West Bohemia

Faculty of Philosophy and Arts

Bachelor programme / field:
History Studies / General History