Vliv hlubokého kypření a strip tillage na vybrané půdní vlastnosti

Bc. Josef Modráček

Diplomová práce

The influence of deep loosening and strip tillage on soil properties

Abstract:

The aim of thesis was to determine the effect of deep loosening and strip-till on selected soil properties. The partial objective was to determine the effect of deep parabolic cultivator tines and strip-till technology on penetration resistance values compared to plowing. Furthermore, observing the differences in water infiltration into the soil for deep loosening, strip till and plowing. Besides the physical properties of soil the work was focused on the observation of the influence of deep loosening, strip till and plowing on the biometric characteristic and the overall yield of dent corn for silage use. Experimental variants were established in Budihostice. Different tillage technologies was held 27. November 2015. The actual deep tillage cultivator, technology strip-till and plow preceded crown design stubble cultivator at a working depth 0,12 m on 10. October 2015 in order to suppress volunteer previous crop, which was winter wheat. Variant HK include processing by depth cultivator with parabolic tines Farmet Digger, ST variant featured a belt plow Farmet Strip-Till and O variant conventional plowing by Lemken Diamant plow. The depth of tillage of HK variant was 0,3 m, 0,25 m at ST variant and 0,3 m at variant O. Two weeks after the primary tillage, the values of the soil penetration resistance were established for all three variants and soil pits were dug to validate the blue infiltration. Soil moisture was observed in all variants. Besides the evaluation of the above-mentioned physical properties of the soil, biomass of silage corn was evaluated. Stands were established on 20 April 2016. On the surfaces of processed plowing was used sowing machine Kverneland Optima HD and deep loosening surfaces and strip-till seed drill of Farmet company was used. On the areas processed by plowing itself preceded sowing seedbed preparation by combiner to the depth of 0.08 m. 10 plants of each variant has always been evaluated. May 19, 2016 developed root system of plants was evaluated. A month later, the plants were taken to determine an average dry weight of biomass. Further evaluation followed during the harvest on 2. September 2016. For each plant taken from each variant were assessed following parameters: weight of dry substance and fresh mass of entire plants, buds, bracts weight, the weight of stalks and leaves, length of the plants, developed and undeveloped cobs, number of leaves per plant, mass fraction of buds per plant and for each of cobs were measured their length, diameter, number of rows around the circumference and the number of grains in a row. Increased variability in penetration resistance of soil in the machine frame has been detected in strip- till technology and the deep loosening compared to plowing. On the surfaces of strip-till at the processing site by baking blade, the lowest values of penetration resistance compared with the deep loosening and plowing were determined. Thanks to this, with strip-till technology the significant infiltration into deeper layers than in the other two technologies was recorded. Soil moisture in the layer 0 - 0.1 m was significantly higher for plowing with seedbed preparation in comparison with the depth-loosening and strip-till. Restricted root development of maize from the beginning of vegetation in deeper layers was found on the plowed areas with seedbed preparation. When evaluating biometric characteristics of dent corn were found in some parameters statistically significant differences, but in the total biomass yield no significant difference between the versions was observed.

Klíčová slova

zpracování půdy, hloubkové kypření, strip till, orba, penetrační odpor, infiltrace, kukuřice

Keywords

soil till, deep loosening, strip till, ploughing, penetration resistance, infiltration, maize

Jazyk práce: čeština

Datum vytvoření / odevzdání či podání práce: 10. 4. 2017

Obhajoba závěrečné práce

• Vedoucí: doc. Ing. Václav Brant, Ph.D.

Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze

Fakulta agrobiologie, potravinových a přírodních zdrojů

Magisterský studijní program / obor:
Fytotechnika / Rostlinná produkce