Algorithm-Assisted Reconstruction of Hydrologically Correct Noachian Valley Networks

Bachelor of Science Islam Gomaa

Master's thesis

Abstract:

Understanding the hydrology of Mars has been a channelling topic for several decades, yet it is critical to know the history of this planet. The Noachian period, which occurred on early Mars, is thought to have been a time of significant water activity. Thus, studying the hydrology of Noachian valleys can provide insights into the early history of Mars and the conditions that may have existed on the planet during this time. This thesis aims to contribute to our understanding of the role of water in shaping the surface of Mars. The valleys and channels observed on Mars today are thought to have formed due to the flow of water. However, reconstructing the hydrology of these features can be challenging, due to the limited data available and the complexity of the processes involved. The thesis presents a novel approach for reconstructing the hydrology of Noachian valleys using algorithm-assisted mapping campaign and data from past and current Mars missions. As the Current available datasets of Martian valley networks are unusable for hydrological applications because they do not reflect the best resolution imagery lead to lack of connectivity, basin-wide coverage, etc. Therefore, an updated valley network and basin dataset based on algorithmic and manual delineation (utilizing MOLA-DEM, THEMIS-IR Night, CTX Mosaic) can improve our ability to model past hydrological processes. This thesis presents a study of the valley network in the Terra Cimmeria region of Mars, with the aim of improving our understanding of the planet's hydrology and geology. It applies morphometric analysis to investigate the morphologies and characteristics of the valley network. The results show flowing water led to soil erosion played the primary role for the valley formation in this area, and that the updated valley network provides a more comprehensive and accurate picture of the valley network on Mars. While sapping only played a secondary role in valley formation in this region. These findings support the hypothesis that Mars had a much warmer and wetter climate, with a much thicker atmosphere. The study also identifies areas for further research, including the need for more detailed mapping and modelling of Martian hydrology using more higher spatial resolution datasets and the application of advanced analysis techniques. The findings of this study have important implications for future missions to Mars and contribute to our understanding of the planet's potential for supporting life.

Keywords

Mars hydrology, Mapping campaigns, geomorphology, Noachian era

Language used: English

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 3. 4. 2023

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 16. 5. 2023
• Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Ing. Ioannis Markonis, Ph.D.
• Reader: Riya Dutta, Dr.

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague

Faculty of Environmental Sciences

Master programme:
Environmental Modelling