Vznik Československé republiky a státní správa (1918 - 1920)

Bc. Ivan Kudela

Bachelor's thesis

The establishmen of Czechoslovak state and state administration

Abstract:

Rok 1918 patří k zásadním mezníkům našich národních dějin, neboť v něm došlo k vyvrcholení úsilí československého národa o vznik republiky a byly vytvořeny základní předpoklady k řádnému fungování veřejné správy. Což zejména z počátku byla úloha velmi nelehká. Cílem mé práce je zmapovat vývoj veřejné správy v prvních dvou letech od vzniku Československé republiky. První část bakalářské práce má za úkol popsat všechny události, které vedly k vyhlášení Československého státu. Cílem druhé části je zabývat se samotným vyhlášením Československého státu a odlišnostmi ve vývoji státní správy. Ve třetí části jsem se zabýval prozatímní recepcí rakouské a uherské vlády, která byla prakticky uskutečněna zákonem číslo 11/1918 Sb. z. a n., o zřízení samostatného československého státu. Čtvrtá část popisuje vznik, organizaci, rozsah činnosti a zánik revolučních okresních a místních výborů a národních rad. Pátá závěrečná část se pokouší zmapovat zásadní změny v oblasti veřejné správy na počátku republiky.

Abstract:

The idea of the Establishment of the independent Czechoslovak state started to develop after the outbreak of the First World War. The war course obviously indicated the postwar possibilities of the development of European political and state arrangement . Foreign and national resistance movement caused the birth of the Czechoslovak statehood idea. The close cooperation of the Czech and Slovak nations and also the Allies could help to encourage these tendencies. On November 14,1915, the Czech National Committee had been founded abroad and consequently it was changed into the central organ of the resistance - The Czech National Council headed by the future president Tomas Garrigue Masaryk. The basic task of The Czech National Council based in Paris was to persuade The Allies of the rectitude of the Czechoslovak independence. Finally in despite of a long-term dissent of Allied leaders it has succeeded. The Wilsons Articles had made the opportunity for the birth of Czechoslovakia at the end of the war. The American president W. Wilson was conferring a right to an independence of The Czech Nation and Yugoslav Nations in them. According to the fact that the monarchy Austria - Hungary hadnt been able to defy any more, the mere proclamation of the independent Czechoslovakia on October 28, 1918, became a non-violent coup. The power was turned over to new Czechoslovak organs. The first Act of free Czechoslovakia was the Act No. 11/1918 - the constitution of the independent Czechoslovak state, the existing system of law and public administration were taken over. This so-called reception norm and the Act No. 37/1918 of the provisional constitution from November 13, 1918, constituted provisional basics of the new republic. The first days of existing of Czechoslovakia had passed and the results of war appeared with full strength, together with considerable differences in administration of so called historical countries: Moravia, Silesia, Bohemia and especially Slovakia.At that time the importance of the revolution national committees and national councils had entirely come to light. They were providing handover of power to local authorities. At the same time they were caring for protection of Czechoslovak civilians, especially in regions inhabited by national minorities. Changes in administration were crowned by developing of the supreme administrative apparatus according to the Act No. 2/1918, from November 2, 1918, establishment of the Supreme Court according to the Act No. 3/1918 and the turning point in the system of the local authorities according to the Act No. 76/1919. This law had completed and changed the Austrian municipal system, which was completed with the change of the local council electoral system by the Act No. 75/1919.The first elections took place on June 15, 1919.

Keywords

the establishmen of Czechoslovak state, state administration, ústřední orgány státní správy, recepční zákon, národní výbory, národní rady, národnostní menšiny, obecní samospráva

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 14. 4. 2006

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 5. 6. 2006
• Supervisor: doc. JUDr. Karel Schelle, CSc.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Law

Bachelor programme / field:
Legal Specializations / Public Administration