Československý pevnostní systém v letech 1935-1938 se zaměřením na ústecký region

Jiří MAŠEK

Bachelor's thesis

Czechoslovak fortification's system in years 1935-1938 with a view to region of Ústí nad Labem

Abstract:

Základním cílem mé práce je přehled a zmapování československého pohraničního systému opevnění v okolí Ústí nad Labem v letech 1935-1938. Události těchto let jsem zasadil do vnitropolitického a zahraničního kontextu. Zaměřil jsem se na jednotlivé etapy a příčiny budování pevnostního systému, na jeho popis, umístění v krajině, jeho funkci a využití při obraně republiky. Zabýval jsem se technickou vybaveností jak jednotlivých typů bunkrů, tak i jejich posádek. V neposlední řadě jsem nastínil současný stav a využití jednotlivých objektů. To vše na základě studia pramenů, dobové a odborné literatury a vlastního terénního průzkumu.

Abstract:

The international political and economic situation between the world wars was in the name of blowing totalitarian ideologies. Adolf Hitler managed to make use of the world economic crisis and the national tendencies of German nation for the power takeover. Its nazism ideology expanded gradually to the neighbour states included border Czechoslovakia where found the breeding ground. The Czechoslovak democratic government tried to solve this problem but its efforts failed. The Czechoslovak republic reacted to the worsening international situation with creation of military allied pacts. Besides it was adopted a law supporting ability, prestige and awareness of the army. Large reorganizations and modernizations also passed here to ensure higher fighting capacity and mobility. All these combined elements were than evaluated by the management during the every year military manoeuvres. By decision making about the building of border fortresses system a discussion in military circles proceeded about what kind of strategic concept is the best to use ? if the mobile one or passive warfare. Considering the alliance and the geographical aspect it was resolved that the strict defence concept with clean-cut goals and priorities is the best. There were set up authorities for fast and effective building-up after prearranged fortification programmes. First the testing started and finally the works. The area of Ore Mountains where the city of Ústí nad Labem is sited was economically quite important. There was the brown-coal basin near the city of Ústí nad Labem where was a lot of strategically important industries situated. The city itself served as a significant Czechoslovak traffic junction. For the region of Ústí nad Labem defence the heavy forts should have been primarily used, but because of the economical reasons two types of light forts completed with suitable obstacles were finally employed. These bunkers vary according to its usage, characteristics and munitions. Three sectors were specified for the defence of the city and its surroundings and there the light forts works ran. By the help of new built bunkers the dislocated units should be waging the defence near the line of fortification in the region of Ústí nad Labem.

Keywords

Armády, bunkry, československá opevnění, lehká opevnění, pevnosti, stavební úseky, Ústí nad Labem (Česká republika)

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 6. 5. 2010

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 31. 5. 2010
• Supervisor: Mgr. Martin Veselý, Ph.D.

JAN EVANGELISTA PURKYNĚ UNIVERSITY IN ÚSTÍ NAD LABEM

Faculty od Philosophy

Bachelor programme / field:
Historical Sciences / Cultural and Historical Regional Studies