Absorpční spektra a možnost fotodegradace vybraných léčiv

Bc. Nikola KULPOVÁ

Master's thesis

The absorption spectra and possible photodegradation of selected pharmaceuticals

Abstract:

Lide? sta?le vi?ce vyuz?i?vaji? velke? mnoz?stvi? le?c?iv, ktera? se vsouc?asne? dobe? r?adi? k environmenta?lni?m polutantu?m. V teoreticke? c?a?sti diplomove? pra?ce je uveden pr?ehled problematiky uz?i?va?ni? le?c?iv, jejich vy?skyt vpr?i?rode?, chemicke? a fyzika?lni? vlastnosti vybrany?ch le?c?iv a moz?nosti jejich fotodegradace. Pro studium fotodegradace le?c?iv byly vyuz?ity metody absorpc?ni? a hmotnostni? spektrometrie. Byla odme?r?ena absorpc?ni? spektra 30 le?c?iv, ze ktery?ch bylo 16fotodegradac?ne? testova?no pomoci? UV lampy smaxima?lni? emisni? vlnovou de?lkou 254 nm. Pouze u s?esti le?c?iv (Bromhexin 12 BC, Codein Slovakofarma, Nolpaza, Novalgin, Verospiron, Zodac) byl zjis?te?n pozitivni? fotodegradac?ni? u?c?inek germicidni? lampy. Byly pr?ipraveny roztoky le?c?iv o s?esti ru?zny?ch koncentraci?ch (od 20-900 nmol/l). Na za?klade? pilotni?ch me?r?eni? byly vybra?ny tr?i koncentrace (ni?zka?: cca 100 nmol/l - str?edni?: cca 400 nmol/l - vysoka?: cca 700 nmol/l) pro zjis?te?ni? kinetiky fotodegradace. C?asove? zme?ny poc?a?tec?ni? koncentrace po 5 minuta?ch, 15 minuta?ch a 30 minuta?ch byly statisticky vyhodnoceny testem ANOVA. U?c?inne? la?tky Bromhexinu, Codeinu a Zodacu po 30minutove?m pu?sobeni? za?r?eni? degradovaly o cca 28-65 %. U?c?inna? la?tka Nolpazy vyskytuji?ci? se ve str?edni?ch a vysoky?ch koncentraci?ch zcela degradovala po 15 minuta?ch. U?c?inna? la?tka Novalginu pr?i vs?ech koncentraci?ch zcela degradovala jiz? po 15 minuta?ch. Degradaci u?c?inne? la?tky Verospironu neni? vhodne? studovat v ESI+. Teoretickou a experimenta?lni? c?a?st pra?ce lze pouz?i?t pro objasne?ni? u?c?innosti fotodegradace ru?zny?ch le?c?iv v pr?i?rode?, C?OV, c?i v laborator?i pod UV lampou. Pro leps?i? pochopeni? environmenta?lni?ch aspektu? dopadu le?c?iv na organismy by se dals?i? experimenty mohly zame?r?it na potencia?lne? s?kodlive? produkty fotodegradace, ktere? lze hmotnostni? spektrometrii? rovne?z? detekovat a identifikovat.

Abstract:

People are increasingly using a large number of drugs which are classified as environmental populants. The overview of the drugs usage, the occurance in the nature, chemical and physical properties of selected drugs and the possibility of their photodegradation is described in theoretical part of the thesis. For the study of photodegradation of drugs were used absorbant and weight spectometry methods. Absorption specters of 30 drugs were measured and 16 of them was photodegradated by UV lamp with maximal emission wavelength of 254 nm. Positive photodegradation effect of germicidal lamp was found only at 6 drugs (Bromhexin 12 BC, Codein Slovakofarma, Nolpaza, Novalgin, Verospiron, Zodac). Drugs solutions were prepared in 6 different concentrations (from 20-900 nmol/l). Based on the pilot measurements 3 different concentrations were picked (low: approx 100 nmol/l - medium: approx 400 nmol/l - high: approx 700 nmol/l) for detection of photodegradation kinetics. Time changes in the initial concentration were statistical evaluated after 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes by the test ANOVA. Active substances of Bromhexin, Codein and Zodac degradated by approx 28-65 % after 30 minutes of radiation. Active substance of Nolpaza occuring in medium and high concentrations completely degradated after 15 minutes. Active substance of Novalgin completely degradated after 15 minutes in all concentrations. The degradation of active substance of Verospiron is not appropriate to study in ESI+. Theoretical and experimental parts of the thesis can be used for clarification of photodegradation efficiency of different kind of drugs in nature, WWTP or in laboratory under the UV lamp. For better understanding of environmental aspects of drug impact on organisms could be further experiments focused on potencially harmful products of photodegradation which could be also detected and identified by weight spectometry.

Keywords

Le?c?iva, z?ivotni? prostr?edi?, odpadni? vody, fotodegradace, UV lampa (254 nm), absorpc?ni? spektrometrie, HPLC/MS

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 23. 4. 2018

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 15. 5. 2018
• Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Jiří Kalina, Ph.D.

University of Ostrava

Faculty of Science

Master programme / field:
Biology / Experimental Biology