Vliv bakterií mléčného kvačení a mykoparazitických a entomopatogenních hub na vitalitu osiva luskovin

Bc. Jan Roh

Master's thesis

Effect of lactic acid bacteria and mycoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi on legume seed vitality

Abstract:

Diplomová práce je zaměřena na hodnocení vlivu biologických látek v ochraně osiva luskovin na jejich vitalitu. Kromě vlivu na samotná semena byl zkoumán i vliv na časné vývojové fáze rostlin. Rostliny bývají často napadány komplexem kořenových chorob a moření je nejlepší možnou obranou proti těmto patogenům. V rámci pokusu byly vybrány 3 druhy luskovin – sója luštinatá, hrách setý a lupina bílá a každá plodina byla mořena biologickým preparátem založeným na bakteriích mléčného kvašení (BMK), na Trichodermě (organismus z třídy hub) nebo kombinaci těchto organismů. Pro hodnocení vlivu byly použity testy v laboratorních podmínkách – test konduktivity, laboratorní klíčivost a energie klíčení, laboratorní vzcházivost a test urychleného stárnutí (TUS). Testy v laboratořích probíhaly pro všechny varianty za stejných podmínek i ve stejném čase. Jednotlivé zkoušky nám měly ukázat, jak jednotlivé plodiny reagují na moření biologickými látkami, a to pozitivně i negativně. Mezi pozitivní dopady se řadila všechna hlediska, která zvětšují výnosový potenciál. Do negativních hledisek byl zařazen pravý opak, tedy např. nižší klíčivost, horší vzcházení, méně vzešlých rostlin, horší výsledek konduktometrického měření. Výsledky testů nám ukázaly, že v rámci plodin jsou výsledky značně variabilní. Testy, které byly zaměřené na tvorbu biomasy, nebyly průkazné v žádném testu napříč plodinami. U sóji byl zjištěn negativní vliv na klíčivost u osiva po TUS oproti všem variantám i neošetřené kontrole. Hrách vykázal pozitivní vliv na ošetření biologickými látkami při testu konduktivity a zároveň měly ošetřené varianty vyšší klíčivost než neošetřená kontrola. Při testování lupiny nebyly zjištěny žádné prokazatelné účinky na moření biologickými látkami napříč všemi testy.

Abstract:

The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of the influence of biological substances in the protection of leguminous seeds on their vitality. In addition to the effect on the seeds themselves, the effect on the early stages of plant development was also investigated. Plants are often attacked by a complex of root diseases, and pickling is the best possible defense against these pathogens. As part of the experiment, 3 types of legumes were selected - soybean, pea and lupine, and each crop was pickled with a biological preparation based on lactic acid bacteria (LAB), an organism from the Trichoderma fungus class, or a combination of these organisms. Tests in laboratory conditions were used to evaluate the effect - conductivity test, laboratory germination and germination energy, laboratory germination and accelerated aging test. Tests in laboratories took place for all variants under the same conditions and at the same time. Individual tests were supposed to show us how individual crops react to pickling with biological substances, both positively and negatively. Among the positive impacts were all aspects that increase the revenue potential. The opposite was included in the negative aspects, i.e. lower germination, worse germination, fewer emerged plants, worse result of conductometric measurement. Test results have shown us that results are highly variable within crops. No significant effects on the seed could be confirmed for soybean and lupine. With peas, the situation was different, and peas reacted positively in certain tests and rather negatively in others, but the differences between the untreated control were demonstrable. The diploma thesis is focused on the evaluation of the influence of biological substances in the protection of leguminous seeds on their vitality. In addition to the effect on the seeds themselves, the effect on the early stages of plant development was also investigated. Plants are often attacked by a complex of root diseases, and pickling is the best possible defense against these pathogens. As part of the experiment, 3 types of legumes were selected - leguminous soybean, field pea and white lupine, and each crop was pickled with a biological preparation based on lactic acid bacteria (LAB), an organism from the Trichoderma fungus class or a combination of these organisms. Tests in laboratory conditions were used to evaluate the effect - conductivity test, laboratory germination and germination energy, laboratory germination and accelerated aging test. Tests in laboratories took place for all variants under the same conditions and at the same time. Individual tests were supposed to show us how individual crops react to pickling with biological substances, both positively and negatively. Among the positive impacts were all aspects that increase the revenue potential. The opposite was included in the negative aspects, i.e. lower germination, worse emergence, fewer emerged plants, worse result of conductometric measurement. Test results have shown us that results are highly variable within crops. Tests that focused on biomass production were not conclusive in any test or crop. In soybean, a negative effect on seed germination was found after TUS compared to all variants and the untreated control. Peas showed a positive effect on the treatment with biological substances in the conductivity test, and at the same time the treated variants had higher germination than the untreated control. In lupine testing, no demonstrable effects on pickling by biological agents were found across all tests.

Keywords

vitalita osiva, luskoviny, bakterie mléčného kvašení, mykoparazitické a entomopatogenní houby

Keywords

seed vitality, legumes, lactic acid bacteria, mycoparasitic and entomopathogenic fungi

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 17. 4. 2023

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 15. 5. 2023
• Supervisor: Ing. Pavel Procházka, Ph.D.
• Reader: Roman Hnilička, externi

Czech University of Life Sciences Prague

Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources

Master programme / specializace:
Plant Production / Plant Nutrition and Protection