Právní aspekty změny organizační struktury

Ing. Mgr. Petra Semorádová

Master's thesis

Legal aspects of organizational structure change

Abstract:

Za účelem uspokojování nejrůznějších potřeb vytváří lidé určité celky, které jsou v obecné rovině označovány jako organizace. Každá organizace zabezpečuje výkon i rozvoj svého poslání prostřednictvím základních, doplňkových i obslužných procesů, k čemuž potřebuje mít dostatečné disponibilní zdroje (lidské, materiální, energetické, informační, finanční), ale také relevantní organizační strukturu, resp. organizační struktury. Protože většina organizací se nachází v situaci, kdy jejich okolní prostředí je složité i dynamické, jejich interní prostředí se časem mění, musí, resp. měly by měnit i svou organizační strukturu. Mezi faktory, které významně determinují charakter organizační struktury patří např. změny politických, ekonomických, technologických, sociálních (zejména bezprecedentní demografický vývoj ve většině vyspělých zemí a s tím více méně související změny na straně poptávky či potřeby uspokojování veřejných statků) a ekologických podmínek v obecném či oborovém okolním prostředí, také však globální rozvojové tendence, resp. megatrendy (např. superkonkurence, superturbulence, intelektualizace, informatizace, rozmanitost, militantnost a terorismus a vše zahrnující globalizace). Z hlediska zaměření této práce je nutno ještě zdůraznit, že změny organizační struktur v organizacích jsou často vyvolány také přijetím nových, resp. novelizací dosavadně platných normativních aktů, resp. normativních instrukcí. Pokud chce být organizace úspěšná, resp. pokud se nechce dostat do rozporu s platnou legislativou, musí být schopna rychle a adekvátně reagovat na novou situaci ve svém okolním prostředí obvykle změnou své strategie, což se potažmo mj. projeví potřebou změnit či inovovat stávající organizační strukturu(y). Z hlediska předmětu mé diplomové práce považuji za důležité zabývat se tím jednak v kontextu teorie a praxe managementu a zejména pak věnovat pozornost konkrétním změnám organizačních struktur souvisejících s vlivem legislativních změn.

Abstract:

The goals of this diploma are: to define relevant managerial terms, describe changes of organizational structure, discover new trends of creating organizational structure and find legal framework of organizational structure. To reach these goals I had to use effective and acceptable methodology – logic methos (induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, abstraction and instantiation) diploma work also required a summary or collection of existing data – secondary research. As opposed to data collected directly from respondents called primary research, secondary sources already exist. These secondary sources could include previous research reports, newspaper, magazine and journal content, and government and statistics. Sometimes secondary research was required to determine what is known already about organizational structure and about changes of organizational structure in both management and law. In the first part of the diploma work I defined several managerial terms such as: management, manager, strategy, managerial components organizing and organizational culture, organization and organizational structure. All of these managerial terms are concected with the object of my diploma work. I also mention dramatic changes in technology and the business environment which have rendered old structures obsolete at an unprecedented rate, spawning a new interest in organizational design. Pressures of globalization, competition, technology, customer expectations and workforce dynamics have prompted organizations worldwide to rethink and redesign structural patterns. There is no one best way to organize. The right structure depends on prevailing circumstances and an organizations goals, strategies, technology and environment are taken into consideration. This diploma work concludes that each organization form has advantages and disadvantages and can be used by managers to meet the needs of the competitive situation. The structure of the organization ensures that the work to be performed is identified and broken into manageable units that are meaningfully related to one other, and that there is the desired communication among these units. The structure of an organization is fundamental to its ability to achieve its goals effectively – the structure provides a framework for control for the organization. Organizations need structures that are constantly scanning the extra organizational environment, focusing on activities of organization – the important occurrences happening outside the organization. The most important forms of modern organizational structures are: team approach (also called corporate governance) – the organization creates a series of teams to accomplish specific tasks and to coordinate major departments. Teams can exist from the office of the president all the way down to the shop floor. Network approach (organizations with virtual organizational structure) – the organization becomes a small, central broker electronically connected to other organizations that perform vital functions. Departments are independent, contracting services to the broker for a profit. Departments can be located anywhere in the world and personal leasing – it is a modern trend in organizational structures, organizations can use the human resources which are located outside of the company for a certain period of time and for a special task. The other goal of my diploma work is to find and describe legal framework of organizational structure. I found labor law a very important source of legal regulations of the object of my diploma work. Labor law also called employment law is the body of laws, administrative rulings which addresses the legal rights of, and restrictions on working people and their organizations. As such, it mediates many aspects of the relationship between trade unions, employers and employees. Czech Republic has adopted a new labor law, changing the main principles of the Czech labor law. That is why I describe new

Abstract:

principles, mention changes and new institutes of this codex which are related to the object of my diploma work and bring some examples. After reading about the new codex of labor law and books about labor law I made a description of all the steps employers have to follow in order to change the organizational structure of their organization within the law. In the last part of my diploma work I search out adjudications which are connected to the making changes of organizational structure and which help to understand the entire process of organizational changes.

Keywords

Management, organizace, organizační struktura, právní rámec změny organizační struktury

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 30. 3. 2007

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 28. 5. 2007
• Supervisor: prof. Ing. Ivan Vágner, CSc.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Law

Master programme / field:
Law and Legal Science / Law