História a súčasnosť Afganistanu z pohľadu bezpečnosti

Kristína Slezáková

Bachelor's thesis

The history and present of Afghanistan from the point of view of security

Abstract:

The main objective of the bachelor's work is to take a closer look at the situation on the territory of Afghanistan. The following work is divided into three sections. A different historical period is discussed in each chapter. The history and present of Afghanistan are rich and several fundamental milestones are mentioned in the analysis. The first section deals with the ancient history known for the occupation by Persians with the ethnic groups playing a major role. The history of Afghanistan and these ethnic groups are furthermore characterized in more detail. Ethnic groups have been a part of Afghanistan from the early days of history to the present. The second section gradually discusses the military invasion of Great Britain, the USSR or the United States and also explains the well-known Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The beginning of the second chapter closes up the events during the military conflicts between Great Britain and Afganistan. The army forces of Great Britain continuously failed. The invasion of the USSR brought a regime change policy in a form of a change of the political system of the enemy's territory. In addition, the second chapter talks about the American invasion and Operation Enduring Freedom. Operation Enduring Freedom as the response of the United States to the terrorist attack carried out by the militant Islamist network, al-Qaeda. It was Operation Enduring Freedom that started the nation's military mission in Afghanistan which began less than a month after 9/11. The third and last chapter discusses the moment of the Taliban occupation of the territory of Afghanistan. Taliban had been preparing for the operation for a long time. The President of the United States, Joe Biden, announced the official end of the long-lasting war in Afghanistan. The end of the paper is focused on the deprivation of women's rights in Afghanistan.

Abstract:

Cieľom bakalárskej práce je bližšie nahliadnuť do diania na území Afganistanu. Práca je rozdelená do troch kapitol. V každej jednej kapitole je priblížené iné obdobie. História a súčasnosť Afganistanu je veľmi bohatá, a aj z tohoto dôvodu je v práci spomenutých niekoľko dôležitých a základných míľnikov. Prvá kapitola sa venuje histórii, ktorá siaha až do staroveku, kedy bol Afganistan ovládaný Peržanmi. V prvej kapitole sú bližšie charakterizované takisto aj etnické skupiny, ktoré v histórii Afganistanu zohrali veľkú rolu. Etnické skupiny sú súčasťou Afganistanu od úplného začiatku až po jeho súčasnosť. Druhá kapitola postupne rozoberá vojenské invázie Veľkej Británie, ZSSR, Spojených štátov amerických a takisto vysvetľuje známu operáciu Trvalá sloboda. Tretia, posledná kapitola približuje moment, kedy Taliban obsadil územie Afganistanu. Na túto operáciu sa Taliban pripravoval už dlhšie, a práve príchod nového prezidenta Joea Bidena mu útok umožnila, nakoľko sa prezident Joe Biden nedržal dátumu, ktorý vychádzal z dohody, ktorú uzavrel prezident Donald Trump s Talibanom počas svojho vládnutia. Na konci tretej kapitoly je priblížená situácia, ktorá nastala po úplnom obsadení územia Afganistanu Talibanom, ktorého dôsledkom bolo zbavenie skoro všetkých práv afganských žien.

Keywords

Afganistan, bezpečnosť, invázia, konflikt, Taliban, USA, ZSSR / Afghanistan, security, invasion, conflict, USSR

Language used: Slovak

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 4. 4. 2023

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 31. 5. 2023
• Supervisor: JUDr. Ing. Anna Ďurfina, PhD. et PhD.
• Reader: prof. PhDr. Ján Liďák, CSc.

University College Prague – University of International Relations and Institute of Hospitality Management and Economics, Ltd.

Bachelor programme / field:
International Relations and Diplomacy / International Relations and Diplomacy