Náhrady za omezení vlastnického práva ve prospěch ochrany životního prostředí

Ing. Michal Hrib

Master's thesis

Compensation for Limitation of Land Property in Favour of Environmental Protection

Abstract:

Předkládaná práce se v úvodní části věnuje definici a vymezení pojmů vlastnictví, rozboru právního zakotvení institutu omezení vlastnického práva v našem právním řádu. Těžiště práce spočívá v rozboru vybraných předpisů práva životního prostředí, zejména zákona o ochraně přírody a krajiny a ustanovení, které jsou věnována náhradám za omezení vlastnického práva. V práci byly představeny i okruhy problémů aplikační praxe, které se opírají rozbor vybraných judikátů a prováděcích předpisů. Byl popsán případ omezení některých činností v lesním hospodářství na konkrétním území.

Abstract:

Rehabilitation of the traditional institute of private ownership was introduced to the Czech legal system together with the recognition of other fundamental rights and freedoms following the changes after November 1989 which laid down the legal foundations for the emancipation of all forms of ownership and which declared the legal guarantee of ownership inviolability. These provisions were then incorporated as Article 11 into the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, which together with the Constitution of the Czech Republic represent the fundamental documents of the constitutional order of the Czech Republic. An actual restriction of ownership or its enforced forfeiture through expropriation is facilitated by Article 11, para 4 of the Charter upon meeting three cumulative conditions, which are: public interest, ipso iure, for substitution. Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms also assumed the right for favourable environment. This institute, which is listed together with an owner’s obligation to allow statutory limitations on the environment protection, permits owners entitled to financial compensation in terms of farming and forest management. The following owners and tenants are entitled to financial compensation in accordance with Article 58, para 2 of the abovementioned Act: · owners and tenants of farmland · owners and tenants of forest land · owners and tenants of fishponds designed for fish or waterfowl breeding The introductory part of the presented work defines the notions of ownership, and it analyses the legal establishment of the institute of ownership restriction in the Czech legal order. The main part of the work concentrates on the legal analysis of the amended Act on Nature and Landscape Protection, in particular its Section 58 which focuses on compensation for ownership restrictions. In the course of a practical application of the legal regulation, a case study of restriction of certain forest management activities in the case-study of the Židlochovice Forest Enterprise, a Forest Management Unit of the Forests of the Czech Republic, was described, the restriction being a result of the government ordinance on the designation of bird areas as a new institute of nature protection. The newly introduced legal regulations adopted at the time of the Czech Republic accession to the European Union (2004) represent compromise proposals within the parliamentary democracy system which found their place within the legal system of the country. Despite the fact that they show a number of application equivocalness and problematic parts, they undoubtedly represent a further part which allows the legal certainty of individual persons. Furthermore, they represent another element of legal regulation whose operationability and survivability and possibly functioning, will be tested during its application by legal persons within a longer time period.

Keywords

ownership/vlatnictví, property rights/vlastnické právo, restriction of ownership/omezení vlastnického práva, environment protection/ochrana životního prostředí, monetary compensation/peněžní náhrady, compensation for ownership restriction/ náhrady za omezení vlastnického práva, forest management and agriculture/ hospodaření v lesích a na zemědělských pozemcích, right/ právo, legal regulations/právní regulace

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 1. 12. 2008

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 26. 1. 2009
• Supervisor: doc. JUDr. Ing. Milan Pekárek, CSc.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Law

Master programme / field:
Law and Legal Science / Law