Historický majetek obcí - vybrané problémy

Ing. Pavel Kapler, Ph.D.

Bachelor's thesis

Real Estate Owned by – Selected Issues

Abstract:

Vybraným problémem tématického okruhu historický majetek obcí, kterým se tato bakalářská práce zabývá, je nenavrácení historického majetku obcí (se zaměřením především na zemědělskou půdu) po roce 1989 v důsledku nedostatečného ošetření následků spolupůsobení zákona č. 47/1948 Sb., o některých technicko-hospodářských úpravách pozemků (scelovací zákon), a zákona č. 279/1949 Sb., o finančním hospodaření národních výborů, v současné právní úpravě. Práce je členěna do kapitol, které postupně stručně popisují právní a historické souvislosti vedoucí ke vzniku problému, dále stav řešení tohoto problému v různých etapách porevolučního období a na závěr se autor pokusí formulovat principy právní úpravy, která by řešení tohoto nepříznivého stavu umožnila.

Abstract:

The subject of this bachelor thesis is to summarize general information about selected issue of historic real estate property owned by municipalities located in so-called “allotment cadastres”. This selected issue is very specific for Czech Republic: after the 2nd World War there was massive shifting of German-speaking population as well as betrayals and collaborationists out of the state territory. Their agricultural land was confiscated under the authority of presidential decrees and it was considered to be redistributed (allot) to the property of individuals, agricultural cooperatives and municipalities. The state plan was to collect all land of the cadastre (or several cadastres) and parcel it in new blocks of land according to make the cultivation of agricultural land easier. Consequently the municipalities submitted their land to the procedure of consolidating/allotting, awaiting the return of the land of the same value but located in different (more suitable) sites. But before accomplishing the administrative procedure of consolidating/allotting, “the first communist law” has came into force. As the result the municipalities lost their legal subjectivity and their property (including the real estate) became the property of the state. Therefore there was no effort to accomplish the allotting procedure and hence the municipalities do not hold the title to prove their former (historic) ownerships to their real estates. After the revolution in 1989 there was strong will of the lawgiver to redress the injustice relating to property rights via restitutions, but Czech law never achieve optimal solution for the cases of municipalities in allotment cadastres with incomplete allotting procedure, because of absence of legal titles to the municipal property. Now the situation is quite unsatisfactory for a lot of municipalities, because their historic real estate is hold by the state bodies entrusted to control the state real estates and they have no other legal remedy than court trial. The most of these municipalities is quite small (which means with low budget) thereupon they can not defend their rights because of need to pay the legal costs. The first chapter of this bachelor thesis contains a brief description of historical and present legal sources and consequences leaded to emergence of this problem. The second chapter is to map the status of practical operation of this selected issue during the twenty years after the revolution. Finally the third chapter is an attempt to present main principles of possible legal adjustment necessary to redress the status quo.

Keywords

Historický majetek obcí, přídělový katastr, restituce majetku, historic real estate property of municipalities, allotment cadastre, restitution

Language used: Czech

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 15. 4. 2011

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 2. 6. 2011
• Supervisor: doc. JUDr. Ivana Průchová, CSc.
• Reader: doc. JUDr. Ing. Milan Pekárek, CSc.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Law

Bachelor programme / field:
Legal Specializations / Legal Questions of Land Register