Postavení poškozeného a oběti v systému českého trestního práva procesního a viktimologie

Mgr. Juraj Kaščák

Master's thesis

The Position of Damaged and Victim in the System of the Czech Criminal Process Law and Victimology

Abstract:

This thesis deals with the position of the aggrieved person in the system of the Czech criminal procedural law. The introductory chapter includes a definition of the concept of aggrieved person and differentiates this concept from the concept of victim. Czech law provides that the aggrieved person shall be understood as a party to a criminal action, whereas the term of victim is used within the context of the Act on Providing Victims of Criminal Acts with Pecuniary Help. Therein, the victim is defined as a person who suffered actual bodily harm due to a committed criminal act. In case of death, the definition also includes surviving relatives. The thesis, however, is mostly focussed on the concept of aggrieved person, since it is the aggrieved person who is entitled to far more rights that the victim by course of legal definition. The main aim of this thesis was to provide a summary of the aggrieved person’s procedural rights, show the reader a valid legal regulation of the subject matter and to offer several topics (regarding the position of the aggrieved person as a party to an action at law) to think about. The practical part is included in the body of this thesis and is represented mainly by proposals for changes to the current regulation, practical examples of asserting the aggrieved person’s rights, or decisions of the European Court of Human Rights. The author dares to express hope that he has managed to meet the targets of this work and that the thesis will serve as a reliable guide through a complicated system of rights and duties of the aggrieved person in the Czech criminal procedural law.

Abstract:

Táto práca sa zaoberá nielen postavou poškodeného ako strany v trestnom procese, ale aj obeťou trestného činu ako takou. Prevedie čitateľa spleťou práv a povinností poškodeného v trestnom konaní, oboznámi ho s úlohou štátu pri odškodňovaní obetí trestnej činnosti a poukáže na obeť trestného činu aj z hľadiska viktimológie ako vedy o obetiach. Cieľom tejto práce nie je priniesť vyčerpávajúcu právnu analýzu súčasného právneho stavu, ale skôr načrtnúť práva a povinnosti poškodeného, zaoberať sa niektorými aspektami postavenia poškodeného v praxi a ponúknuť čitateľovi skôr námety na zamyslenie, než podrobný rozbor príslušných právnych ustanovení. Praktická časť nie je formálne oddelená a uvedená v samostatnej kapitole, ale je organickou súčasťou tejto práce. Za praktickú časť sa dajú považovať rôzne námety na zamyslenie, návrhy legislatívnych zmien, príklady z praxe či uvedené rozhodnutia Európskeho súdu pre ľudské práva, ktoré sa nachádzajú priamo v texte práce.

Keywords

poškodený, trestné konanie, obeť, trestný čin, viktimológia, aggrieved party, victim, crime, criminal procedure

Language used: Slovak

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 29. 6. 2009

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 3. 9. 2009
• Supervisor: prof. JUDr. Vladimír Kratochvíl, CSc.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Law

Master programme / field:
Law and Legal Science / Law