Právo, psychologie a zneužívání nealkoholových drog (aktuální právně aplikační a psychologické otázky)

Mgr. Milan Královič

Master's thesis

Law, Psychology and Abuse of Non-Alcoholic Drugs (Topical Problems of Legal Application and Psychological Problems)

Abstract:

Drug phenomenon is inseparable to the human mankind. The global approach to the drugs-abusing problem changed as the severe results of using habit-forming substances occured during the 20th century became the global problems (besides problems such as pollution or infectious diseases). Negative impacts of the drug-abusing reflect not only to the user himself but also to whole community. For many years, main problems connected to drugs have been criminal conduct of the users of the habit-forming illegal substances, medical impacts, such as drug-overdosing risks and virus infection (which is mainly problem of opiates and psychostimulants misusers which are known as problem users). These unpleasent social and medical phenomenons are also part of Czech drug scene. The Czech legislation on narcotic and psychotropic substances consists of Penal Code paragraphs (§ 187 -§ 188a), and two acts dealing with these substances transformed mainly in the 1990s, when the above mentioned problems were necessary to deal with. Czech anti-drug policy realizes that drug problem can not be solved by strong but empty proclamations such as „absolutely drugs-free society“, which nowadays appears to be not in real terms. The main goals are to reduce the misuse of illegal drugs and to reduce the negative impacts (harm minimalisation) of using drugs. These are the will of a balanced approach (that was declared in the UNO conventions). The summary of the drug scene in the Czech republic based on statistic and epidemiological data in the second part are the key elements for us to understand the impact of drug problem. They proved that situation of drug-(mis)using has been static in recent years in Czech republic as well as in South-Moravian region. This is mainly because of the preventive measures that have shown themselves as appropriate and effective, especially to the young generation My „de lege ferenda“ proposal is to connect the imprisonment penalty with medical treatment for the drug-abusing law breakers. Heavier sentences may discourage others from potential criminal conduct. And the last of my „de lege ferenda“ pillars proposes to classify the illegal substances into three categories by their social-danger risk. This may enable to fight the organized crime with drugs more effectively.

Abstract:

Cieľom mojej práce je zhodnotenie zneužívania nealkoholových drog a to ako z právnej, tak aj zo psychologickej stránky. V úvodnej – teoretickej – časti svojej práce načrtnem výklad niekoľkých elementárnych problémov súvisiacich so zneužívaním nealkoholových drog, ktorý by mal poslúžiť ako vhodný vstup do danej problematiky. Zameriam sa najmä na fenomén závislosti na týchto látkach (toxikománie ) a pokúsim sa zodpovedať základné otázky – prečo a ako vzniká závislosť a do akej miery ovplyvňuje konanie ňou postihnutej osoby. Historickým výkladom sa pokúsim zistiť, čo viedlo zákonodarcu k dnešnému stavu drogovej právnej úpravy a to aj v kontexte medzinárodných prameňov v danej oblasti, ktoré sú smerodajné pre mnohé národné úpravy. V druhej – praktickej – časti svojej práce sa pokúsim zmapovať aplikačné problémy drogovej situácie v Českej republike a napokon aj v jednom konkrétnom regióne, ktorým bude Juhomoravský kraj.

Keywords

drogová legislatíva, drogová scéna, harm-reduction, Juhomoravský kraj, omamné a psychotropné látky, prevencia, problémové užívanie drog, rekreačné užívanie drog, substitučná liečba, toxikománia

Language used: Slovak

Date on which the thesis was submitted / produced: 30. 6. 2009

Thesis defence

• Date of defence: 14. 9. 2009
• Supervisor: JUDr. Karin Brzobohatá, Ph.D.
• Reader: JUDr. Drahomíra Houbová, CSc.

Masaryk University

Faculty of Law

Master programme / field:
Law and Legal Science / Law