Význam procesních principů pro právní úpravu civilního procesu v kontextu evropského a vnitrostátního práva – teoretická studie

Mgr. Martin Šafář

Diplomová práce

The meaning of processional principles for legal regulations of civil process in the context of European and national law - theoretic study

Anotace:

V této diplomové práci jsem se zabýval procesními principy, které ovládají civilní proces. Tyto procesní principy chápu jako základní myšlenky, které mají vliv na konkrétní podobu současného civilního procesu. V této diplomové práci jsem se zabýval popisem, vývojem, ve kterém jsem se zaměřil na srovnání současného českého civilní a socialistického civilního procesu, a významem procesních principů. Procesní principy mají svůj význam pro právní úpravu civilního procesu, protože určují jeho charakter, při tvorbě právní úpravy a jeho následné aplikaci. Právní principy tedy umožňují pochopit podstatu právní úpravy. Procesní principy umožňují hodnocení souladu současné právní úpravy s ústavními či mezinárodními předpisy, kterým musí zákonná úprava vyhovovat. Procesní principy mají i svůj psychologický význam, protože umožňují jednotlivým aktérům procesu hodnotit tento proces jako spravedlivý anebo nespravedlivý, což má vliv na ochotu podřídit se konečnému rozhodnutí. Uplatňování procesních principů má vliv i na samotný výsledek procesu. Jako poslední význam procesních principů uvádím význam pro tvorbu standardu právní úpravy civilního procesu, která má vliv na sbližování právních úprav civilního. Evropský standard pro právní úpravu civilního procesu musí vyhovovat principům, které obsahuje čl. 6 odst. 1 Úmluvy.

Abstract:

In this diploma work, called The Meaning of processional principles for legal regulations of civil process in the context of European and national law – theoretic study, I was engaged in the definition of notions in procedural principles and their historical development, in which I was focused on comparison of actual Czech civil proceedings with the predated socialist civil proceedings. I mean that the procedural principles are basic ideas, which have influence on future legal regulations of civil proceedings and its subsequent interpretation and application. Subsequently I focused on finding of procedural principles which dominate the present Czech civil proceedings. These procedural principles include equality of participants principle, contradiction principle and its opposite principle of cooperation of party to an action at law, disposal principle and its opposite principle of officiality, discussion principle and its opposite investigative principle, arbitrary order principle and its opposite legal order principle, concentration principle and its opposite uniformity procedure principle, principle of public, oral proceedings principle, immediate contact principle and trial in chambers principle and paper principle, material truth principle and its opposite formal truth principle, open evaluation of proofs principle, principle of economy. Then I was engaged in general principles of organization of courts which are significant for use of branch procedures principles. I tried to explain the comprehension of these principles and describe their meaning, functions, mutual context with other principles. Then I was engaged in theoretical evaluation of the importance of procedural principles as a whole for legal regulations of civil proceedings. I see the importance of procedural principles mainly because they are the example for future legal regulations of civil proceedings. Procedural principles assist in the actual legal regulation interpretation and its correct application. Procedural principles are important also for constitutionality consideration of civil proceedings legal regulation, because this legal form has to guarantee human rights and a fundamental freedom under the constitution as well as it has to be conformed to constitutional order of the Czech Republic. Procedural principles have also psychological signification because they influence their addressees’ perception of civil proceeding; the addressees then judge them as fair or unfair. Procedural principles are also significant for the goal achieving of civil proceeding, which is rightful decision in subjective rights of legal subject and subsequent provision legal protection to these rights. As the last meaning of procedural principles I state their influence on creation European standard of legal regulation in civil proceeding which presents a minimum standard, which must be met by legal form and mainly its application so that request for fair process are fulfilled. I tried to find also European procedural principles. I educed them from the works of Czech authors conversant in European Court of Human Rights judicature, in which this court interpreted article 6 paragraph 1 European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, which set the right to a fair trial. European Court of Human Rights considers for basis of procedural principles, which adjust the right to a fair trial following principles: principle of independence and impartiality of court and his judges, principle of legal court, principle of equality of participants, principle of contradiction, principle of economy (process in reasonable time), principle of public process. Besides these principles demands European Court of Human Rights for European countries in order that persons, they are subjects of in their jurisdiction, have entrance to court which is not restricted with large obstacles in formal proprieties and form of expensive court fees. European countries should provide people also r

Abstract:

easonable legal cooperation. European Court of Human Rights does not evaluate validation procedure in member countries of Council of Europe but it demands for national courts reasoned decisions and also introduction of reasons of their decision. I was also concerned with the effort towards unification of civil proceedings legal form in European Communities and European Union. But this effort towards unification of civil proceedings is not very success. I mean that the Czech legal regulation of civil proceedings is fundamentally in accordance with the European law.

Klíčová slova

procesní principy, civilní proces, právo na spravedlivý proces, evropské právo, občanské právo procesní, procedural principles, civil process, civil proceedings, right to a fair trial, European law, the law regulation of civil proceedings

Jazyk práce: čeština

Datum vytvoření / odevzdání či podání práce: 31. 3. 2008

Obhajoba závěrečné práce

• Obhajoba proběhla 13. 5. 2008
• Vedoucí: doc. JUDr. Jaruška Stavinohová, CSc.

Masarykova univerzita

Právnická fakulta

Magisterský studijní program / obor:
Právo a právní věda / Právo